What are peptides?
Peptides are short chains of amino acids — typically 2 to 50 residues — linked by peptide bonds. Many are analogs or fragments of endogenous signaling molecules. Research-grade peptides are usually produced by solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and supplied as lyophilized (freeze-dried) powders for stability.
Reading a Certificate of Analysis
A COA should identify the product, lot number, test dates, and the laboratory performing the analysis. Look for purity by HPLC (reported as a percentage of total peak area), identity confirmation by mass spectrometry, appearance, and, where applicable, endotoxin results. Confirm the lot on the COA matches the lot on the vial.
Research-grade vs. approved drug products
Research-grade materials are not FDA-approved drug products and are not interchangeable with approved pharmaceuticals bearing the same name. Practitioners should understand the regulatory status of any compound, including state and federal rules on compounding, before integrating it into practice.
Storage & handling fundamentals
Lyophilized peptides are generally most stable refrigerated (2–8 °C) or frozen, protected from light and moisture. Allow vials to reach room temperature before opening to limit condensation. Follow your facility's SOPs and USP guidance for handling reconstituted materials.
Peptide classes at a glance
Common research categories include incretin-pathway agonists (metabolic research), GHRH analogs and ghrelin-receptor agonists (growth hormone secretagogues), thymic peptides (immune research), copper peptides (dermatologic research), and mitochondria-derived peptides (cellular aging research).
Evaluating a supplier
Ask for independent (not in-house) testing, lot-traceable documentation, customer verification policies, and cold-chain validation. A qualified supplier should readily provide a supplier qualification packet to your compliance team.